TRAIL, a mighty apoptosis inducer.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a membrane-bound cytokine molecule that belongs to the family of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). TRAIL has been shown to be a potent apoptosis inducer in a wide variety of cancer cells in vitro and to limit tumor growth efficiently in vivo without damaging normal tissues. These features have focused considerable attention on TRAIL as a potential therapeutic agent to treat human cancers. Recent data also suggest the implication of TRAIL in a natural defense mechanism since its abrogation results in certain autoimmune disorders. This review will summarize recent progress in TRAIL research, including understanding of apoptotic signaling, regulation of TRAIL action, and possible therapeutic applications.